بِسۡمِ ٱللهِ ٱلرَّحۡمَـٰنِ ٱلرَّحِيمِ
Hajj- the 5th Pillar of Islam
The Fifth Foundation of Islam -Hajj-
Qadi ‘Iyad
The Foundations of Islam
INTRODUCTION
IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE MERCIFUL, THE COMPASSIONATE
Qadi Abu’l-Fadl ‘Iyad, may Allah be pleased with him, said: Praise belongs to Allah, the only One to whom praise is due. I ask Him to single out our Prophet Muhammad and his family with the purest and most abundant blessings, and to make all our words and deeds purely for His pleasure.
Desiring the good and eager to train students in right action, you have asked me to draw up the essentials of the limits of the foundations of Islam in an accessible form. Know that Islam’s foundations are five in number as our Messenger, blessings of Allah and peace be on him, has said:
“Islam is founded on five things:
Bearing witness that there is no god but Allah and that Muhammad is His slave and His Messenger
Establishing Prayer
Paying the Wealth-tax
Fasting the month of Ramadan
And Performing the Journey to the House.”
HajjIt is obligatory once during a lifetime.
THE CONDITIONS OF IT BEING OBLIGATORY ARE SIX:
1. Islam or having embraced Islam.
2. Being of sound mind.
3. Freedom.
4. Maturity.
5. Bodily health.
6. The capacity to get there without obstruction or harm.
ITS PILLARS ARE SIX:
1. Intention.
2. Putting on the pilgrim’s dress (Ihram).
3. Tawaf al-Ifada.
4. Running between Safa and Marwah.
5. Standing on ‘Arafa at the time of Hajj.
6. There are different views regarding the stoning of the ‘Aqaba.
THERE ARE THREE KINDS OF HAJJ:
A. HAJJ IFRAD. Doing Hajj only, having put on the Ihram, and it is the best of them.
B. HAJJ QIRAN. Combining Hajj and ‘Umra.
C. HAJJ TAMATTU’. It is when a non-Makkan does ‘Umra in one of the three months of the Hajj: Shawwal and the two that come after it. Then he takes off the Ihram and performs the Hajj that same year.
HE CANNOT DO THE HAJJ TAMATTU’ EXCEPT ON SIX CONDITIONS:
1. He cannot be a Makkan.
2. He must do the ‘Umra and the Hajj together in the same year.
3. And on the same trip.
4. The ‘Umra must be the first to be done.
5. He must do it or part of it in the months of Hajj.
6. He must put on the Ihram for Hajj after taking off the Ihram for ‘Umra. The non-Makkan who ties the Hajj and ‘Umra together and the man doing the Hajj Tamattu’ are required to slaughter at Mina after Fajr on the Yawm an-Nahar if he has brought a slaughter animal to ‘Arafa. Otherwise he slaughters it in Makka. If he does not have the means for it, he fasts three days during the days of the Hajj and seven among his people after he gets back.
THE sunnan OF THE HAJJ ARE FIFTY:
We have presented them according to the order they are performed in the Hajj from putting on the Ihram to the finish so that you know how it is done. Along with this we have mentioned the obligatory parts of the Hajj and its basic elements.
1. The first of these is that he put on the Ihram during the three months of the Hajj. The Ihram is put on in the Miqat, not before it, not after it. The Miqat are five:
a. Dhul Hulayfa for the people of Madinah.
b. Qarn for the people of Najd.
c. Al-Juhfa for the people of Sham, Egypt, and the West.
d. Yalamlama for the people of the Yemen.
e. Dhat ‘Irq for the people of Iraq and those beyond them. Whoever’s house lies between the Miqat and Makka puts on the Ihram in his house. The people of Makka in Makka. He who crosses the Miqat without putting on the Ihram must sacrifice.
2. Ghusl at the time of putting on the Ihram.
3. Abstention from the use of clothes sewn with thread.
4. Abstention from the use of khuff (slippers) by men or sandals that have tops and cover part of the foot.
5. Uncovering the head and face for men. Only uncovering the face for women.
6. Putting on the Ihram immediately after making salat. The best is that it be a non-obligatory salat.
7. Making the intention by his heart to do a Hajj or an ‘Umra.
8. Making the Talbiya-call. This he does once he has mounted his camel and it has risen to its feet, or he has begun to walk if he is going on foot. He calls out in a high voice without over-doing it. He makes the call right after every salat. When he is on any high place. When he is together with his companions. When he is in mosques. When he is in the mosque of Mina. When he is in the haraam-Mosque – except that it is preferable that he stops making the call when he enters it the first time for tawaf. The man doing Hajj stops making the Talbiya after sunset on the Day of ‘Arafa. He stops it when he sets out to return to the Mawqif. The man making ‘Umra stops it when he enters the first areas of the haraam if he had put on the Ihram at the Miqat. But if he had put on the Ihram in Tan’im and places like it then he stops making the call when he enters the houses of Makka. The Talbiya call is:
Labbayk Allahumma labbayk. Totally at Your service, O Allah, totally at Your service. La sharika lak. You have no partner. Inna’l-Hamda wa’n-ni’mata laka wal-Mulk. Yours is the Praise, Yours the Blessing, Yours the Kingdom. La sharika lak. You have no partner.
9. Then he has to bathe his body when he enters Makka but without scrubbing it.
10. Then, for the non-Makkan, he has to do the Tawaf al-Qudum (arrival).
11. He begins when he enters the Mosque by going and kissing the Stone.
12. Then he puts the House on his left and he goes around outside the Stone seven complete times. Three at a fast pace, four walking, and this is not required of women, and not in other than the Tawaf al-Qudum.
13. In the tawaf the same things are required regarding cleanliness from waste, filth, covering nakedness, and doing things in sequence which are required in the salat, with minor exceptions.
14. If a salat is called out when he is doing the tawaf, he does the salat. Then he picks up where he left off.
15. He then does a salat of two rak’ats.
16. Then he touches the Stone.
17. Then he starts the Sa’y. He begins with Safa, climbs onto it until he can see the House. He calls out, ‘La ilaha illa’llah’ and shouts ‘Allahu Akbar!’
18. He makes du’a.
19. Then he comes down walking until he gets to Marwa.
20. Once he gets onto its peak, he does as he did at Safa.
21. He goes back and forth until he has completed seven trips between the two places, ending up at Marwa.
22. Now at this point the actions of the man making ‘Umra are finished. He shaves his head.
23. As for the man making Hajj, once he has finished his Sa’y he has got to leave and go to Mina on the Yawm at-Tarwiha. It is the eighth of Dhu’l-Hijjah.
24. Then he prays together Dhuhr and ‘Asr on ‘Arafa on the ninth day.
25. Then there is the waquf (standing) on the side of its mountain from that time until the setting of the sun while continuing to call out ‘la ilaha illa’llah’, shouting ‘Allahu Akbar’, and making du’a, while sitting on the back of a camel.
26. Then there is the departure with the departure of the Imam – not before him –to Muzdalifa.
27. The joining together of Maghrib and ‘Isha there.
28. Spending the night in Muzdalifa.
29. The coming to al-Mash’ar al-haraam after praying the Subh salat in Muzdalifa.
30. Making du’a after that and calling out, ‘Allahu Akbar’ and ‘la ilaha illa’llah’.
31. Then you leave with the departure of the Imam before the dawn grows light.
32. You break into a jog whenever you go through Batin Mahsir.
33. Then you stone the Jamrat al-‘Aqaba towards its base during the early morning while riding, as in the way you came, using seven pebbles. You say, ‘Allahu Akbar’ with each pebble you throw.
34. Then the slaughter of the sacrificial animal for those who brought one. Slaughter it on its feet after it has been marked and adorned from the place you put on the Ihram.
35. You slaughter in Mina those beasts which were made to stand on ‘Arafa. Whatever was not made to stand there, you slaughter in Makka.
36. After the stoning of the Jamrat al-‘Aqaba everything is permissible for the man dressed in Ihram that he wants to do except hunting, women and scent.
37. Then you shave the head or cut its hair short.
38. Then, right after that, you go back to Makka for the obligatory Tawaf. It is done just like the Tawaf al-Qudum which we mentioned.
39. After it he does two rak’ats. But this time he does not go around fast at any time.
40. Whoever is late and comes to ‘Arafa in great haste and did not do the Tawaf al-Qudum or the Sa’y has got to do the Sa’y immediately after the Tawaf al-Ifada, in the manner described earlier.
41. After the Tawaf al-Ifada, the one wearing Ihram takes it off.
42. It is then permissible for him to do everything he had been prevented from doing.
43. Then in the same day he must get back to Mina and spend the night there during the days of Tashriq.
44. And he has got to do the stoning of the three days, stoning the jamrat after the sun has begun to decline from noon but before the salat.
45. He has got to do this every day. Every jamra seven pebbles. He says, ‘Allahu Akbar’ with every pebble.
46. He stands to make du’a at the last two jamrat but not the first.
47. He stones them around their tops.
48. Then he goes down to Makka immediately after the last jamra on the fourth day of the days of Tashriq before the Dhuhr salat.
49. He makes his salat on the road. And for the man in a hurry, he can depart before that day.
50. Then there is the Tawaf al-Wad’a (farewell) in Makka for the non-Makkan, done in the manner described earlier. Its sunnah is that it be connected directly to the trip of departure. Whoever stays on afterwards has got to do it again. And among the sunnan of the Hajj is the ‘Umra. It is also said that it is obligatory. And among its sunnan is worship by making sacrifice.
ITS RECOMMENDED ASPECTS ARE TWENTYFIVE:
1. Hajj Ifrad without doing the Hajj Tamattu’ or Hajj Qiran.
2. To limit oneself in one’s conviction to make a Hajj or ‘Umra by making the intention without speaking it out loud.
3. To make your Ihram from white cloth.
4. To do nafila salat before putting them on.
5. To be unkempt, dusty, and look shabby.
6. To enter Makka by way of Kada’i in upper Makka.
7. To leave Makka by way of Kuda in lower Makka.
8. To do the wuquf and all the actions of Hajj in the state of purity except for the tawaf, for which purity is a condition of validity.
9. To make ghusl for the wuquf of ‘Arafa and Muzdalifa and for tawaf of the House.
10. Every ghusl after the ghusl of putting on the Ihram is only a matter of sprinkling water over the body without scrubbing.
11. Walking fast but not running when crossing Batn al-Masil while doing the Sa’y.
12. Doing the two rak’ats of tawaf at the Maqam al-Ibrahim.
13. Making du’a there.
14. Doing a lot of invocation of Allah, the Exalted.
15. Making du’a and saying Allahu Akbar during the days of Hajj and during all of its major events.
16. Hastening with the Tawaf al-Ifada on the Yawm an-Nahar.
17. Making the Talbiya call on every high place, when with your companions, right after the salat, in mosques.
18. Setting out directly to get to the House upon entering Makka without deflecting to go somewhere else first.
19. To enter by the Gate of Bani Shibah.
20. To kiss the Stone every time you go by it in the tawaf if able, if not, put your hand out to it, then put your hand on your mouth.
21. Putting your hand on the Yamani corner is like this as well. Whoever is incapable of doing any of these things points with his hand, says, ‘Allahu Akbar’, and then moves on.
22. Shaving the head for men instead of just cutting the hair short. The man who has plastered his hair has got to shave.
23. To perform the Hajj on foot for whoever is able. Some say riding is better.
24. To undertake the slaughter of the sacrificial animal with your own hand.
25. To visit the grave of the Messenger, may Allah bless him, give him peace, exalt him and ennoble him.
